Method of making a plastic-covered glass container

ABSTRACT

The disclosure relates to a method of making a container comprised of a glass bottle and a plastic covering thereon. The plastic is processed into sheet form and highly oriented for shrink property along one dimension. A minor orientation (onehalf or less) is provided in the other dimension. The sheet is pre-printed and formed into strips fed to a mandrel-type machine for making individual, lap-seamed, cylindrical sleeves of the plastic, the major shrink orientation being oriented circumferentially of the sleeve. The sleeves are telescopically located to a predetermined height on a rigid base article a bottle that has been preheated to around 220*F and the sleeve and bottle carried into an oven for shrinking the plastic onto the bottle. Differential surface skin is provided in the plastic, the greater depth skin being placed next to the bottle. Bottle heat is furnished either: (1) by an auxiliary pre-heat oven, or (2) by heat of formation of the container in its manufacture, such as obtained in the annealing lehr. The initial placement of the sleeve allows a bottom end overlap of the sleeve on the bottle and shrinking the plastic results in covering the bottle at least along its body, bottom corner and onto the bottom end at an annular bearing surface thereon.

United States Patent 1 Amberg et al.

[ 1 Oct. 23, 1973 METHOD OF MAKING A PLASTIC-COVERED GLASS CONTAINER [75] Inventors: Stephen W. Amberg, St. James;

Thomas E. Doherty, Setauket; James A. Karabedian, Garden City, all of N.Y.; Clarence A. Heyne, Toledo, Ohio [73] Assignee: Owens-Illinois, Inc., Toledo, Ohio [22] Filed: June 30, 1971 I [21] Appl. No.: 158,480

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,604,584 9/1971 Shank, Jr....' 156/86 3,110,554 11/1963 Yazumi 264/132 2,867,956 1/1959 Murrell 53/296 2,760,321 8/1956 Greer et al.... 53/296 3,400,810 9/1968 Makowski..... 264/342 R 3,410,162 11/1968 Ruggeri 83/100 3,069,035 12/1962 Schwarz et al 198/179 3,523,052 8/1970 Bolen 156/86 3,313,667 4/1967 Flood..... 156/475 3,650,868 3/1972 Murota 156/218 3,510,378 5/1970 Kramer 156/218 Primary ExaminerAlfred L. Leavitt Assistant Examiner Frank Frisenda, Jr. Attorney-J. R. Nelson et al.

[57] ABSTRACT The disclosure relates to a method of making a container comprised of a glass bottle and a plastic covering thereon. The plastic is processed into sheet form and highly oriented for shrink property along one dimension. A minor orientation (one-half or less) is provided in the other dimension. The sheet is pre-printed and formed into strips fed to a mandrel-type machine for making individual, lap-seamed, cylindrical sleeves of the plastic, the major shrink orientation being oriented circumferentially of the sleeve. The sleeves are telescopically located to a predetermined height on a rigid base article a bottle that has been preheated to around 220F and the sleeve and bottle carried into an oven for shrinking the plastic onto the-bottle Differential surface skin is provided in the plastic, the greater depth skin being placed next to the bottle. Bottle heat is furnished either: (1) by an auxiliary preheat oven, or (2) by heat of formation of the container in its manufacture, such as obtained in the annealing lehr. The initial placement of the sleeve allows a bottom end overlap of the sleeve on the bottle and shrinking the plastic results in covering the bottle at least along its body, bottom corner and onto the bottom end at an annular bearing surface thereon.

26 Claims, 21 Drawing Figures PATENIEUum 23 m3 SHEET OlOF 14 FIG. I

INVENTORS STEPHEN w AMBERG. THOMAS E. DOHERTY.

BY JAMES A. KARABEDIAN c ENCEI A. HEYNE.

ATT'YS.

PAIENIEBBBI 23 ms 3.787.496

SHEET 02 0F 14 INVENTORS STEPHEN vv. AMBERG. THOMAS E. DOHERTY CL ENCEA. HEYNE. h. Q-I

ATT'YS.

BY JAMES A. KARABEDIAN.

Pmmmmzsma V 3,767,496

INVENTORS. STEPHEN w AMBERG. THOMAS E. DOHERTY.

BY JAMES A. KARABEDIAN.

NCE A. HEYNE.

L4 gag/M ATT'YS.

PAIENIEUnmzrima 3767.496

SHEEI UHF 14 urf? w FIG. 9

INVENTORS STEPHEN W AMBERG.

THOMAS E. DOHERTY. BY JAMES A. KARABEDIAN.

CLA NCE A. HE YNE.

ATT'YS.

PATENIEMN 23 ms SHEEI 05 0F 14 INVENTORS STEPHEN W AMBERG THOMAS E. DOHERTY.

JAMES A KARABEDIAN BY: U4%fiNCE HEYNE.

PAIENIEDncI 23 Ian SHEET 08 0F 14 I NVENTORS STEPHEN WAMBERG THOMAS E. DOHERTY JAMES A. KARABEDIA CYJAIRENCE A. HE YNE.

K M42. 1M,

'PAIENIEMBI23I975 I 3.767.496

um um 14 FIG.

INVENTORS STEPHEN W AMBERG. THOMAS E. DOHERTY JAMES A. KARABEDIAN. CLA ENCE HEYNE.

PAIENIEDnmza ms 3.767.496

saw user 14 INVENTORS STEPHEN W AMBERG.

THOMAS E. IDHERTY JAMES A. KARABEDIAN. BY: C RENCE A. HEYNE.

1K ATTORMEIQS" PATENTEDUBI 23 ms 3 767.496

' SHEU IOUF 14 I INVENTO S STEPHEN W AMBERG. THOMAS E. DOHERTY JAMES A. KARABEDIAI BY: C RENCE A. HEYNE.

4 (Aw-mama PATENIEBucrzaasn 3752496 SHEEI 110% 14 INVENTORS STEPHEN W AMBERG. THOMAS E. DOHERTX JAMES A KARABEDIAA BY: CL RENEE AHEYNE PAIENIEDumzWn 3.767.496

. SHEET 1211f 14 INVENTORS FIG. I8 STEPHEN W. AMBERG THOMAS E.'DOHERTX JAMES A. KARABEDIAN. BY. CLAR NCE A. HEYNE.

I 150W #5 H111 fiweem rmmaunm 23 ms 3 767L496 SHEET 130? 14 INVENTORS STEPHEN W AMBERG. THOMAS E. DOHERTX JAMES A. KARABEDIAN. CLZIENCE A. HEYNE.

M fig Mr ATroRNEvS' PAIENIEuncrzs ms 3. 767,496

- sum 1n or 14 INVENTORS STEPHEN W AMBERG. THOM E. DOHERTY.

ATT'YS.

JAME KARABEDIAN.

METHOD OF MAKING A PLASTIC-COVERED GLASS CONTAINER The present invention relates to a method of making a plastic covered containerincluding the process for making a preformed shrinkable thermoplastic sleeve that is placed over a thermally preconditioned bottle and shrunken to form a bottle coating over the glass surface most susceptible to damage or abuse. The invention also provides the advantage of improved decorating and labelling for the bottle in'that the plastic may be more conveniently and economically printed to high quality while in a flat sheet.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In the manufacture of glass containers, it is important to preserve in as practical a manner as possible the pristine strength and condition of the outer glass surface of the bottle. Various methods have been practiced, among which are application of sprayed or dip coatings of metal oxides, polymers, plastics and the like. A more recent innovation is the application of snug-fitting coverings or wrapping on the surface of the bottle or the application of pre-formed fitments that house the major diameter portions of the bottle and prevent sideto-side wall contact.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 3. Once printed and slit to size, the plastic web isfed I into a device for-cutting predetermined lengths from a roll supply of the material and wrapping each length on a mandrel to form a seamed cylinder of the plastic by an automated and continuous process.

4. The formed cylinder-sleeve is moved in axial registry with a bottle and telescopically moved over the surface area of the bottle desired for coverage, whereupon the sleeve and bottle are subjected to thermal treatment to shrink thesleeve into snug, conforming fit on the bottle surface area desired to be covered.

An important feature in the process resides in the pre-conditioning of the bottle thermally to enhance proper shrinkage of the sleeve over the bottle. By placing the sleeve on the bottle such that a portion of the sleeve extends beyond the .one end of the bottle, normally the bottom end of the bottle, the resulting shrinkfit of the sleeve provides a conforming covering for the heel or corner radius of the bottle and an adjacent annular bottom end section, herein called the bearing ring surface, to cushion the bottom end of the bottle on the supporting surface thereof. This also insulates or separates the glass from contact with the supporting surface so that, in effect, the plastic covering serves as a coaster and avoids marring of furniture, etc.

Although the process herein disclosed is practical for application of sheet or film of shrinkable thermoplastic,

the preferred material comprises a pre-foamed or cellular thermoplastic which provides a light weight, ecnomical cushion layer on the glass wall surfaces and avoids other packing protection, such as carton partitions. Moreover, inasmuch as some bottled products receive harmful effects from light radiation, the invention also allows protection of product in the container against harmful radiation by the sleeve or sleeve and carrier wrap in packaging the product for market.

In providing the foregoing, the invention includes the following important features:

Forming a sheet or Web of thermoplastic material, which optionally may be foamed, and imparting to the sheet a predetermined amount of orientation. The material is oriented in the machine (longitudinal) direction a greater extent than in the cross (transverse) direction. Machine direction orientation should be at least twice the cross direction orientation;

A skin is formed on the foamed plastic material as it is extruded. This is controlled by the cooling of the material as it issues from the extruder die. The skin is on the opposite surfaces of the foamed plastic and the skin surface that is ultimately intended to be next to the glass bottle surface should be thicker than the outside surface skin. This thickness relationship of inside to outside skin should be at least 1.2 to l or more;

Processing the sheet through suitable printing or decorating in printing press equipment and drying or curing equipment;

Slicing the sheet in predetermined widths for the plastic sleeves and rolling the widths on rolls;

Feeding the rolls as a continuous web or strip to a sleeve forming device in which indicia on the web registers the printing for cutting the lengths of the sleeve blanks in making a sleeve with the image decoration thereon;

Cutting and feeding successively individual lengths of the plastic as blanks onto mandrels of a continuously operating turret machine that wraps the blank around the mandrel and overlaps the forward and aft ends of the blank.

Ironing the overlapped ends of the blank into a heatseal seam of approximately the thickness of the blank stock (especially true of the foamed material)'by a heated, iron-type seamer;

Loading glass bottles onto a continuous conveyor by timing a continuous line of bottles with a series of overhead chucks which pick up the glass bottles and advance them toward the mandrel-turret machine.

Moving the series of bottles in an indexed arcuate path over the rotary turret machine whereat the sleeves are axially moved from the mandrels over the bottles in an end-overlap, telescopic relation. The glass bottles, as they receive the plastic sleeves, are at an elevated temperature;'

Moving the bottles and sleeves thereon away from the rotary turret machine and into a heat tunnel maintaining an atmosphere of heated air sufficient to shrink the plastic sleeve over the bottle in a snug conforming fit;

Unloading the sheath covered bottles onto a firm surface, such as a conveyor, with a firm downward thrust or bump, thereby stabilizing the end bearing surface of the sheath at or around the coaster ring portion. It should be noted that the axial seam of the sleeve will appear across the annulus of the final sheath on the bottom end of the bottle, and this unloading step of bumping or force application on the bottom will smooth out any such irregularity of surface occuring in this annulus region in the bearing ring surface and provide a stable bottom for the support of the bottle.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a top plan view of the invention illustrating the off-line" embodiment, wherein bottles are loaded to the machine at room temperature and pre-heated in the machine to condition them for the processing and application of the plastic sleeves.

FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the invention like FIG. 1, but illustrating a second embodiment, herein called the on-line" embodiment, wherein glass bottles are delivered from the annealing lehr of the bottle manufacturing line at an elevated temperature and loaded to the machine for applying the plastic sleeves, this latent heat of manufacture being utilized in the glass bottle at the time the plastic sleeve is first telescopically applied.

FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of the plastic sheet forming equipment to manufacture rolls of the oriented thermoplastic material.

FIG. 4 is a partial plan view, related to FIG. 3, illustrating the side margin trim of the sheet forming a predetermined web.

FIG. 5 is a side elevational view of the thermoplastic web undergoing multicolor printing or decorating in an offset printing press.

FIG. 6 is a partial plan view showing the cutting of the printed thermoplastic web into definite width strips or rolls.

FIG. 7 is a side elevational view of a portion of the sleeve forming machine which processes the strips or rolls into individual blanks of predetermined length.

FIG. 8 is a plan view taken along line 8-8 on FIG. 7.

FIG 9 is a partial side elevational view of the turret machine for wrapping the blanks into cylindrical, sleeve form.

FIG. 10 is perspective view of the mandrel of the machine of FIG. 9.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the sleeve wrapping mandrel and the seamer device.

FIG. 12 is a partial side elevational view of the bottle handling machine including the pre-conditioning section for an off-line" embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 13 is a partial side elevational view ofa machine including the mandrel of the turret machine and the bottle handling machine including the heat tunnel for shrinking the plastic sleeves on the bottles and the delivery means for unloading the bottles and ironing the bottom ring surface of the shrunken plastic sleeve.

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the bottle as carried over the mandrel for inserting the sleeve over the bottle.

FIG. 15 is a sectional top plan view of the bottle and sleeve taken through the major body of the bottle.

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of the bottle and sleeve inserted thereover to full height of placement.

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of the bottle and sleeve thereon being transported by the bottle handling machine toward the heat oven.

FIG. 18 is a perspective view, broken away, of the bottle and sleeve in the heat oven of the machine.

FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a glass bottle prior to its being covered with the plastic sleeve.

FIG. 20 is a sectional perspective view of a bottle produced by the present invention showing the snugly fitting, shrunken plastic sleeve covering and includes a closure as the bottle would be utilized to package a product.

FIG. 21 is a schematic plan view of the machine for sizing, wrapping, seaming and assembling the plastic sleeves onto the bottles.

DESCRIPTION The process is illustrated by the drawings, referring first to FIGS. 3 and 4. An extruder 10 is operated to extrude a foamable thermoplastic material, such as polystyrene. This is but one example ofa foamable thermoplastic material that may be utilized in the process, the description of the operation being given for illustration purposes, but the invention is not limited to such material.

Prepared particulate polystyrene containing a foaming agent comprised of about 6-8 percent petane and nucleators (such as sodium bicarbonate and /2% citric acid) are added to extruder hopper 11. The extruder 10 has a circular die head 12 and internal mandrel (not shown). As the plastic material issues from the die of head 12, it is directed outwardly as it is cooled. The expansion of the extrusion as it cools and sets creates a particular degree of cross direction orientation T of the extrusion in a radial direction. The degree of cooling of the plastic as it issues from the die head and is expanded (stretched) radially is also controlled so as to set up a differential in the skin layer between the outside and inside surfaces of the extrusion. It has been found that superior results are obtained by having a substantially heavier (deeper) skin on the surface of the tubular extrusion that is to be adjacent the bottle than on the opposite surface of the tube. In the case of the foamed polystyrene material above stated, this ratio should be 1.2 to l or more. The extruder issues the enlarged (stretched) tubular form of plastic 13 which is slit at opposite diametrical sides by a razor-like slitter 14 forming an upper web 15 and lower web 15 of the plastic. In the web form, the cross direction orientation of the plastic material is represented by the arrows at T. Spaced from extruder die 12 is an S-wrap stand 17 having upper set of rolls 18 and 19 rotatably mounted thereon. A nip roll 20 operates in conjunction with roll 19. Web 15 is reeved about rolls l8 and 19 and over a guide roll 21. At the gauge stand 22 is a gauge monitor device 23 that measures gauge or thickness of the material as a control function of extruder operation. Web 15 then passes guide rolls 24, 25, 26 and 27 and on to the roll guide 28. Web 15 next passes over feed roll 29 of top web winder 30. The pull or torque applied by web winder 30 is controlled to impart a stretch or pull to the extruded material issuing from die head 12. This pull sets an orientation M of the plastic longitudinally of the plastic web. This procedure places an orientation characteristic in the plastic web 15 in the machine direction M which is then wound as a roll 31 in the winder apparatus 30.

As the web 15 is passing over feed roll 29, spaced rotary slitter knives 32 and 23 (see FIG. 4) are driven by suitable rotary power means (not shown) to trim the web of plastic to a predetermined width. The width of the web will be a multiple of the height dimension the plastic sleeve blank is to have in forming the cylindrical sleeves for bottle covering.

As should be obvious, the second web 15 on the lower course is treated in identical fashion. The parts performing the identical function are thus numbered with the prime designation after the number to distinguish between the counterpart at the top course of the web handling mechanism. After slitting to width, the plastic web 15' is wound into a roll 31'. In reeving the plastic into rolls 31 and 31, the outer surface of the extrusion from the die becomes the outer facing surface of the roll. Rolls 31 and 31 are thus identical.

Next, referring to FIG. 5, the rolls of plastic 31 or 31 are transferred to a printer whereat a multicolor decoration, label or whatever is desired, is printed on the flat surface of the plastic web. The roll 31 is mounted on the unwind stand 34 and the web is reeved over the several rolls in the direction of the arrows for tension ing and feeding the web into the multicolor printing press 35. As was mentioned earlier, one surface of the plastic has a thinner skin depth than the opposite surface skin. In loading the rolls to the printing press, the surface with the thinner skin is the outside surface of the sleeve to be made ultimately; and, therefore, this surface is the one printed with the decorative image.

The press illustrated is an offset rotary letter press capable of high quality printing on the sheet form of web 15 through the'succession of heads A-F arranged about the main drum of the press. Each head, such as A, includes the inker 36, having an inking roll 37, feed roll 38 and offset roll 39 for printing a particular component or color of the decoration repeatedly onto the moving plastic web 15. The print'is repeated endlessly over a length equal to the circumference dimension of a blank to be cut from the web at a later step in the process. Across the width of web 15 the images may be separated in multiples to comprise plural duplicate widths of the decoration on a dimension equal to the height of the sleeves that are ultimately formed at the next step after printing.

Along the length of the web 15 are printed several indicia marks. The space between these marks (which may be a dot or a fine transverse line) is equal to the length dimension of a sleeve blank. The single decoration pattern for the sleeve is printed between two adjacent indicia.

As web 15 leaves the press 35, the ink is cured in the span of travel over the several rolls to the rewind drum 40. Just before the web enters the rewind drum, a series of rotary slitter knives 41 and 41a (FIG. 6) cut the web into a series of equal width, side-by-side strips, each numbered 15a. The width dimension of the strips 15a is selected to equal the height dimension for the sleeves to be subsequentlyformed therefr m. As the web 15,

now separated into-separate strips 15a, is wound onto rewind drum 40, several individual rolls of printed strip stock of the specially oriented plastic material are on the drum. These may be separately removed and handled as stock for making the sleeves in the process according to a manner to be presently described.

As seen on FIGS. 1 and 2, the process of this invention may be practiced by either of two embodiments.

OFF-LINE EMBODIMENT FIG. 1

The off-line embodiment, as called herein, in-

volves the process wherein glass bottles are first manufactured and handled in the normal fashion. The bottles are collected and transported, or stored, and then transported to an area such as a depalletizer unit whereat they are fed through a conventional unscrambler unit 51 and moved in a line or lines onto infeed conveyor 52. Conveyor 52 advances the glass bottles B (see FIG. 19) into the infeed timing worm 53 which spaces the bottles B and times them under linearly spaced chucks 54 of the bottle handling conveyor (see FIG. 12). Chucks 54 are connected at equally spaced intervals on a carriage chain 55 of the bottle handling machine 56 that is traveling in a path extending about end turns at the end sprockets 57 and 58 supported by their vertical shafts 59 and 60 respectively on machine 56. The shaft 59 is connected to a suitable conventional drive transmission or gear box (represented by arrow on FIG. 1) which is in turn operated by a drive motor 61. Carriage 55 for the bottle chucks 54 is driven in a counter-clockwise direction about the endless conveyor path defined by machine sprockets 57 and 58.

Referring to FIG. 12, chucks 54 are manipulated in vertical elevation by having their center spindle 62 connected to a roller-follower 63 running in a cam track 64 extending about the path of the carriage 55 on machine 56. As the bottles B are released at the end flight or land of timing worm 53, the axis of bottle B is timed in movement with the center of a chuck 54. The downwardly sloped section 64a of the cam track both lowers the chuck 54 and closes its jaws 54a about the top bead or' rim F of the bottle finish grasping thebottle in the chuck for carrying it with movement of the carriage 55 in the path prescribed thereby. After grasping the bottle, cam section 64b raises and lifts the chuck and bottle from the conveyor 52.

In this, the off-line embodiment of the invention, the bottles B are conditioned thermally by 'moving them through the heat tunnel 65 containing a source of heat, such as circulating hot air.

An important feature ofthe process is having bottles- B at elevated temperature of at least 175F (or near the melting point temperature of the plastic material) at the time the plastic sleeve is applied. The tunnel preheat oven will preheat the bottles carried by chucks 54 to a temperature in the range of l300F. For example, using the expanded or foamed polystyrene plastic mentioned earlier, it is preferable the glass of bottles B have a wall temperature on the order of 220F. This aids in control over the contour of the shrunken sleeve. The preheat temperature of the glass will vary depending on the character of the plastic used for the sleeves, i.e. the composition and thickness.

After bottles B emergefrom tunnel 65 at elevated temperature, they are carried in a circular path around an end turn at gear 58 and axially aligned vertically over mandrels 66, (FIG. 9). Mandrels 66 are spaced equally around the turret 67 of sleeve forming machine '68. The turret 67 is driven by a differential transmission (not shown) connected to the vertical shaft 60 of the bottle handling machine which is in turn connected to gearing on turret 67. Thus, the turret 67 is synchronized to move with the carrier 55 and mandrels 66 on turret 67 may be advanced or retarded with respect to the centers of the chuck 54 on carrier 55 by the differential transmission.

As the bottles B travel in overlying registered fashion with mandrels 66 (see FIG. 21), the plastic sleeves 69 thereon are raised and inserted telescopically over the lower end of the bottles. This is accomplished in the ejection cycle" portion of the machine 68 as follows. Referring to FIG. 14, the relationship of bottle B and sleeve 69 is illustrated at the beginning of the ejection cycle. A stripper sleeve 70 is journaled over mandrel 66 and when raised, sleeve 70 shifts plastic sleeve 69 vertically from mandrel 66 and onto bottle B (see FIG. 16). The vertical movement of plastic sleeve 69 is controlled by cam roller 71 (FIG. 9) rotatably mounted on rod 72 by shaft 73. Roller 71 runs on lower cam 74 attached in stationary relationship to the rotary turret 67. The rising segment 74a of the cam elevates rod 72 and stripper 70 to the proper height for sleeve 69 over the bottle body (see FIG. 16). Cam 74 then recedes and stripper 70 is lowered again to the lowermost, inactive position. As represented on FIG. 21, stripper 70 will operate through one reciprocal raising and lowering cycle during each revolution of machine turret 67.

Sleeve 69 is dimensioned by mandrel 66 to be just slightly larger than the body diameter of bottle B. The heat of bottle B initiates slight shrinkage of the plastic sleeve and this combined with the egg-shaping of the sleeve 69 after stripping it from the mandrel will hold the sleeve in place on the bottle for the next step of the process.

The plastic sleeve 69 is seamed by heat and pressure applied through the hot seamer 75, one seamer 75 being supplied on turret 67 radially inwardly and opposite each mandrel 66. Seamer 75 has a forward bar-like surface 76 shifted radially outwardly into contact with overlapping end portions of the plastic material for sleeve 69 wrapped around mandrel 77. Bar 76 is heated by internal electrical resistance heater means (not shown). The joining of the ends of the plastic provides an axial seam of sleeve 69. As seen on FIG. 15, after sleeve 69 is released from the mandrel 66, this discontinuity in the sheet of plastic by forming the axially directed seam creates the tendency for the sleeve to assume a somewhat egg shape and thereby frictionally engage the overhead bottle to assist holding sleeve 69 in place. Looking at FIG. 21, the sleeve 69 is placed on and carried by the bottle B from about the 10 o'clock position on turret 67 to about the 6 oclock position whereat the path of the carrier for the bottle chucks diverges tangentially. Looking at FIG. 1, this tangential position occurs at about the 12 oclock position on that Figure.

The carrier 55 next traverses the length of tunnel 77 which is an elongated oven chamber heated to a temperature for shrinking the sleeve 69 onto the contours of bottle B in a snug fitting relationship. This step is illustrated on FIG. 18 which portrays the bottle and plastic sleeve shrunken thereon while in the oven tunnel 77.

The oven chamber 77 is constructed to receive heated air circulated vertically for movement over the bottles as they are moved longitudinally of the chamber. The air temperature may vary widely depending upon the composition of plastic being used, its thickness in the sleeve and the time available in the tunnel for completing the shrink of the sleeve onto the bottle.

In the case of foamed polystyrene of about 0.050 inch thickness and a residence time in the tunnel of from 4 to 6 seconds, heated circulated air at approximately 400F will shrink the plastic sleeve suitably into conforming snug fit onto the bottle. The residence time in the chamber 77 will be a function of production rate; however, at a rate of say 150 pieces per minute the tunnel need not be unusually long to obtain a 4-6 second heating step.

As a variable, polyethylene used in making sleeve 69 requires a higher temperature of oven and more time. Most shrinkable thermoplastics that are practical and economical for making the product may be operable at reasonable production rates at oven temperature in the range of l-800F. Using a hot or heated glass bottle enhances performance and obtains superior results, i.e. by having the bottle at a temperature in the range of 175300F at the time the plastic sleeve is put on the bottle, depending upon the plastic material being used and the sleeve thickness.

In placing plastic sleeve 69 over bottle B, the bottom edge of the sleeve extends below the bottom surface of bottle B by an amount indicated as 0 (see FIGS. 16 and 17). After the sleeve is exposed to heat in tunnel 77, the lower end of the plastic sleeve shrinks around the lower end corner radius of the bottle, indicated at 78 on FIG. 20 and along the bottom surface 79 of the bottle to form the annular plastic bearing ring at 80 for supporting the plastic covered bottle B on a level surface. The orientation of the plastic material in the cross direction T assists in the shrinkage of the sleeve around the heel corner of the bottle and snugly over the bottom bearing ring surface. Along the opposite upper end of the sleeve, this orientation factor also assures a smooth line and snug fit of the sleeve over the sloped neck portion of the bottle. The earlier described ratio of the T and M orientation factors is very material in achieving an end product in which the sleeve fits snugly and smoothly in a pleasing outline over the bottle.

Referring again to FIG. 13, after the finished bottles B with shrunken plastic covering thereon emerge from oven 77, the machine carriage 55 conveys them toward the unloading conveyor 81. The chuck assembly rollers 63 follow a downwardly inclined segment 64d of the cam track which abruptly lowers the bottle onto a firm and flat upper surface section 82 of conveyor 81. This bumps the bottle B on surface 82 and any resulting irregularity in the seam portion of the shrunken plastic sleeve present in the bearing ring 80 at the bottom of bottle B will be ironed out by this force. The bearing surface at the bottom end of the bottle will then be stable, removing any irregular bumps or the like to cause the bottle to be a rocker, i.e. unstable when resting on a horizontal support.

As shown on FIG. 1, the conveyor 81 transfers the finished bottles to a location for packing and shipment or storage. The resultant product is a glass bottle having a body wall surface, corner heel radius and annular portion of its bottom surface covered with a plastic layer that will cushion and protect the glass against abuse and impact.

ON-LINE EMBODIMENT FIG. 2

Theprincipal difference in the off-line embodiment of FIG. 1, just described, and the on-line embodiment of FIG. 2 resides in the supply of the hot blank or bare bottles B.

In the on-line embodiment, glass bottles are molded to final shape by a conventional bottle forming machine 83, such as the I-S Bottle Machine (individual section machine) manufactured and sold by Emhart Corporation and described, beginning at page 326, in

Handbook of Glass Manufacture," compiled and edited by F.'V. Tooley, Ogden Publishing Company, New YOrk, N. Y., second printing, 1957. Several other glass bottle making machines are described in the Handbook which may be equally applicable to the machine 83 represented on FIG. 2. The formed glassware (bottles B) are transferred by conveyor 84 to and through an annealing lehr 85. Lehr 85 is conventionally designed to operate so that glassware is received at temperatures around 800-l,000F from forming at machine 83. In the forward section of the lehr, the bottles are increased in temperature to above their strain point which will vary for different glass compositions generally for a soda-lime bottle glass this anneal point is on the order of 1,085l ,100F. Thereafter, the bottles are cooled in a controlled gradual manner to about ambient or handling temperature. However, in the present anneal cycle for the present invention, the lehr 85 will be operated or constructed to discharge its ware to a conveyor at a temperature suitable for the hot bottle introduction into the machine 56. Allowing for cooling in transfer, the bottles may leave lehr 85 at around 400F and be further cooled in the process to the desired 200220F at the time the bottles and plastic sleeves are joined at the machine 68. Removal from lehr 85 will proceed through an unloading device 86 and be placed onto the machine conveyor 52. While in a line on conveyor 52, the infeed worm 53 will load the now hot bottles B onto the carriage 55 by the chucks 54. The preheater structure (see 65 in FIG. 1) may or may not be used. A section of preheat structure 65 may be a useful means of controlling the cooling of the bottles on their way to the assembly with the plastic sleeve. In any event, the distinguishing saving in the on-line embodiment is first the use of latent heat of manufacture of the bottles as the initial heat in the hot bottles for the process; and, secondly, the extra handling of the ware after annealing, such as packaging, palletizing, storage and the like, is avoided, thereby saving on production costs.

SLEEVE MAKING MACHINE The machine 68 for making the plastic sleeves 69 has already been described generally in the foregoing. A more vivid description follows with reference to FIGS. 7-9 and 21.

The plastic strip stock is supplied in rolls a (FIG. 1) which are supported on rotary stand 87 with the decorated surface facing either direction. A twist is placed in the roll stock before the S-wrap guide 88, 89 so that the decorated surface faces outwardly as the strip passes over roll 89. As the strip stock is fed through S- wrap guide 88, 89, the strip of plastic is advanced in a vertical position. As best shown on FIGS. 7, 8 and 21, the strip next passes between the pair of feed rollers 90, 91 and onto the feed drum 92. The strip goes onto feed drum 92 with the printed side facing inwardly on that drum. Between S-wrap 88, 89 and the pair of rollers 90, 91 is a photocell registration unit 93 that maintains the linear relationship of the repetitive decoration in the strip relative to the rotary cut-off knife 94. Referring to FIGS. 7, 8 and 21, the continuous pull of the feed rollers 90, 91 controls movement of the strip onto feed drum 92. Rollers 90, 91 are continuously driven from a drive connection 112 through a differential mechanism 95 powered by an electric motor 96.

After the strip passes through feed rollers 90, 91 the leading portion of the strip is held against the vertical cylindrical face of the feed drum 92 by vacuum applied through the vertically arranged series of ports97 (FIG. 7). Vacuum is applied through a top manifold (not shown) being in mesh with a bull gear on the turret 67 drive. The rotary knife has a rotary shaft 99 that is gear connected to the gearing for feed drum 92. The relative peripheral size of feed drum 92 and rotary knife 94 are of a ratio of at least 3 to 1, and for every revolution of feed drum 92, rotary knife 94 makes three revolutions so that the vertical blade 94a thereon cuts three lengths of plastic from the strip. Drum 92 has a peripheral speed slightly faster than the feed rolls 90, 91 move the strip. With the vacuum on the strip, it is carried to the knife 94a with a small amount of slippage on drum 92. This keeps strip 15a taught, but after the cut is made by knife 94a, the trailing edge of the cut strip accelerates from the front edge of the next blank and the successive cut blanks are thereby spaced apart in series. The periphery of drum 92 is in close tangential proximity to the peripheral surface of mandrels 66 as they are moved past the drum by the rotary turret 67. The clearance between mandrel 66s surface and feed drum 92s surface is about l- /z times the thickness of the strip 15a. When, during rotation of turret 67, the center axis of the mandrel 66 coincides with the diametrical line connection between the rotary centers of the turret 67 and drum 92, the cut strip of plastic, now defined by dimension as the sleeve blank 69a, is transferred from the feed drum onto the mandrel 66.

This transfer attachment of blank 69a is spatially and schematically illustrated on FIG. 10. Mandrel 66 is rotatably mounted on the turret by the hollow vertical rotary shaft 106 which controls the rotation of the mandrel about its own axis. Along the periphery of the mandrel are several vertically arranged vacuum ports 107 receiving vacuum through the internal chamber 108. A connection is made to a vacuum source through the central passage of shaft 106 and the radial port 109 connected into chamber 108. Although only one row of vacuum ports 107 is shown, several rows may be utilized. As the leading edge 102 of sleeve blank 69a covers the ports 107 of the mandrel, the blank will be held on the mandrel. At this point, the mandrel is at the beginning of the winding cycle of'turret rotation, and through gearing connected to the shaft 106 (not shown) in the turret, mandrel 66 is rotated counterclockwise (FIG. 21) 540, or 1-'/2 revolutions in the winding cycle. The blank 69a is wrapped on the mandrel and the trailing edge 103 of the blank overlaps the leading edge 102 to the dashed line reference 104 (FIG. 10). During the rotation of the mandrel in its winding cycle, the plastic blank 69a is held against the mandrel by the stationary winding plate 110 which is supported on the frame 111 of the strip feed machine FIGS. 7 and 21 Adjustable pressure of winding plate 110 maintains a tight wrap of the-plastic strip on the mandrel.

The individual sealing bars for each mandrel are located on the radius of the turret intersecting the mandrel center axis, and 540 rotation of mandrel 66 places the overlapped ends of the plastic opposite the sealing bar (see FIG. 11). After the winding cycle, the next segment of turret operation performs the sealing cycle in which the sealing bar 75 is extended to engage its heated tip 76 on the overlap seam area to apply heat 

1. The method comprising forming a sheet of thermoplastic material, highly orienting said plastic in the longitudinal dimension of said sheet, printing a decoration on one surface of said sheet, cutting the printed sheet into blanks having width and length dimensions, the length dimension being along the highly oriented longitudinal dimension of said sheet, placing the blank around a mandrel having a central axis such that the length of the blank is wrapped peripherally thereof and opposite longitudinal ends of the blank overlap, seaming the overlapped ends of the blank on the mandrel to form an endless sleeve thereon, bringing a base article having a shape that is different from said sleeve and including top end, body and bottom end portions and a central axis into alignment with said mandrel and sleeve, the bottom end portion of said article being disposed adjacent said mandrel, transferring the sleeve axially from the mandrel and telescopically over the bottom end portion of the base article onto the latter and free of the mandrel, and applying sufficient heat to the sleeve to shrink it into snug fitting, conforming relationship on the adjacent underlying surface of the body and bottom end portions of said base article.
 2. The method defined in claim 1, wherein the said base article is at elevated temperature at the time said thermoplastic sleeve is transferred over the article.
 3. The method defined in claim 1, said said base article comprises a preheated glass bottle.
 4. In the method defined in claim 3, the glass bottle having a mouth opening at the top end thereof, an adjacent neck, body and bottom end wall, and wherein the sleeve is telescopically transferred and placed over at least a portion of the neck, the body, and extends axially beyond said bottom end wall a predetermined amount, said sleeve, upon application of said heat, shrinking into surface contact with said neck portion, body and an annular portion of said bottom end wall of the glass bottle.
 5. The method defined in claim 4, including the step of pressing the bottom annular area of the shrunken plastic sleeve against a flat surface and thereby provide a stable bottom bearing surface for upright support of the bottle.
 6. The method defined in claim 1, wherein said formed sheet of thermoplastic is a foamed plastic material of 0.01 inch or greater thickness.
 7. The method defined in claim 6, wherein said sheet of thermoplastic is a polystyrene material.
 8. The method comprising feeding a rolled length of shrinkable thermoplastic material having a predetermined width equal to the height dimension of said sleeve member onto a rotating feed drum, holding the strip on said drum by vacuum, cutting successive sleeve blank lengths of the strip on said feed drum, moving the leading edge of each cut length on the drum into engagement with a mandrel, holding the leading edge of the blank length on the mandrel by vacuum and releasing the vacuum hold on the cut strip by said feed drum, wrapping the blank length on the mandrel by rotating the latter one revolution, the mandrel being of lesser circumference than the length of said blank, thereby overlapping the opposite ends of said blank, connecting the overlapped ends to each other to form a seamed sleeve, stripping the sleeve axially from the mandrel, the stripped sleeve being moved free of the mandrel and axially over the bottom end of a bottle to a predetermined axial position along the length of the bottle and thereafter moving the bottle and sleeve into a heated chamber, applying heat thereto in said chamber sufficient to shrink the sleeve over the adjacent surface areas of the bottle, and removing the bottle and sleeve assembly from said chamber.
 9. The method defined in claim 8, wherein the sleeve is placed over the bottom end of the bottle and the top end of the sleeve positioned at a predetermined height on the bottle with the lower end of the sleeve overhanging said bottom end of the bottle, the sleeve being shrunken into surface covering relationship with the sides of the bottle and an annular bearing support portion of the bottom end of the bottle.
 10. The method defined in claim 9, wherein subsequent to removal of the covered bottle from the heated chamber, the bottom end covering thereon is pressed onto a firm surface that is normal to the axis of the bottle while the plastic sleeve covering on the bottom end of the bottle is at elevated temperature to smooth the bottom end annular ring portion of the plastic covering and assure a stable bottom bearing surface thereon.
 11. The method defined in claim 8, wherein the bottle at the time the sleeve is placed thereon is at a temperature of at least 175*F.
 12. The method defined in claim 11, wherein said bottle temperature is in the range of 175*-300*F.
 13. The method of making a plastic coated glass bottle comprising conveying bottles supported in an upright position by neck engaging chucks at spaced intervals on a conveyance driven in a path that includes an arcuate end-turn portion, moving a plurality of mandrels at spacings corresponding to said bottle spacings and in a circular path whose radius equals the radius of said end-turn portion of the conveyor path, said circular path being spaced beneath the bottles in the end-turn portion of said conveyor path, feeding flat discrete strips of shrinkable thermoplastic material onto said mandrels in succession as they move past a feeding station adjacent said circular path, winding said strips about the periphery of the mandrels as they advance through a winding station beyond said feeding station, connecting the opposite end portions of said wound strips to form an endless sleeve as the mandrels advance through a sealing station, synchronizing the movement of the bottles and mandrels to advance the mandrels in registry with the bottles through an ejection station, axially moving the sleeves relative to the mandrels and telescoping them over the lower ends of the bottles on the overhead conveyor in said ejection station, thereby transferring the sleeves to the bottles, moving the bottles with sleeves thereon away from said end-turn portion and through a heat chamber along the conveyor path, said chamber being at elevated temperature sufficient to shrink the thermoplastic sleeves snugly onto the bottles, and releasing the sleeve-covered bottles from said conveyor chucks.
 14. The method defined in claim 13, wherein the glass bottles being advanced by the conveyance are at an elevated temperature in excess of 175*F as they reach the said end-turn portion of the conveyor path.
 15. The method defined in claim 14, wherein the glass bottles are moved through a pre-heat chamber prior to said end-turn portion of the conveyor path and therein conditioned to said elevated temperature.
 16. The method defined in claim 14, wherein the glass bottles are delivered to the conveyance directly from a bottle manufacturing process at a sufficient temperature to provide glass bottles in the range of 175*-300*F at delivery to said end-turn portion of the conveyance.
 17. The method defined in claim 13, which includes a bottle infeed conveyor advancing bottles in single file in vertical alignment with the bottle conveyor chucks, timing the movement of the bottles on the infeed conveyor to register them with the chucks, lowering the chucks to grasp the bottles by their neck end portion, thereby supporting bottles in their upright position, and moving them on said conveyance.
 18. The method defined in claim 13, wherein the discrete strips fed to the mandrel have a lengthwise dimension in excess of the peripheral dimension of the mandrel, and upon winding said strips thereon, the strip assumes an end-to-end overlap.
 19. The method defined in claim 18, wherein the overlapped end portions of the strips are connected to each other by heat and pressure applied to said end portions of the strips on the mandrel.
 20. The method defined in claim 19, wherein the thermoplastic strips are comprised of a foamed, cellular material.
 21. The method defined in claim 13, wherein the feeding of thermoplastic strips to the mandrels in said feeding stations includes supplying the strip of thermoplastic material from a roll to a feeding drum adjacent the feeding station, holding the forward end of each strip on said drum, cutting the trailing edge of each strip while on the feeding drum, and transferring the leading edge of each cut strip to one of said mandrels.
 22. The method defined in claim 13, wherein the sleeves are moved upwardly of the mandrels and over the bottom end of the bottles to a height such that the lower end of the sleeve extends below the bottom end of the bottle, whereupon the sleeves shrink over the side surface of the bottle and an annular bearing surface on the bottom end of the bottles.
 23. The method defined in claim 22, wherein the sleeve-covered bottles prior to their release from said conveyor chucks, are moved downwardly and into firm, pressing contact with an underlying horizontal surface, said contact ironing the bottom end annular bearing surface of the plastic covering on the bottle to form a stable bottom end support surface for the bottle.
 24. The method of making a glass container covered with a thermoplastic material extending over a portion of the surface area of the glass container, comprising conveying glass containers in line in an upright position along a first path, feeding a predetermined width of strip of longitudinally highly oriented thermoplastic material onto a feeding drum, moving a series of mandrels along a second path adjacent said feed drum and underlying a portion of said first path, cutting said strip material successively into individual lengths while on said feed drum, transferring each of said individual lengths from said feed drum to a mandrel, wrapping said length around the mandrel, connecting the opposite ends of the wrapped length while on the mandrel thereby forming a sleeve, moving the mandrel in said second path and in underlying axial registry with containers being conveyed along said first path, raising the sleeve from the mandrel and over the lower end of the container to transfer said sleeve to the container as the container and mandrel are moving in registry in their said first and second paths, respectively, and thereafter moving the container and sleeve in said first path through a chamber at elevated temperature sufficient to shrink the sleeve snugly over the container surface.
 25. The method defined in claim 2, wherein the base article is at elevated temperature in the range of 175*-300*F.
 26. The method defined in claim 3, wherein the glass bottle is at a temperature in the range of 175*-300*F at the time said thermoplastic sleeve is placed over the bottle. 